Miscellaneous

What works in LRED?
(Lern-) Erfahrungen aus den Vorhaben der lokalen und regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung der GTZ. Arbeitspapier
SV WiRAM / Anja Gomm (Hrsg.), Sabine Becker / 2004
(pdf-file, 1,2 mb, 31 S.)

Connecting Economic Growth with Poverty Alleviation: South Africa's LED Challenge. Newsletter 03/2003
Doug Hindson / Horizontal Learning Programme for Local Government / 2003
"This newsletter provides an overview of the existing policy frameworks for LED and a brief evaluation of LED experiences since 1994. It offers an introduction to the main issues in debate over LED in South Africa and describes new directions for LED. Intended as a brief introduction for practitioners in the LED field, the newsletter provides a list of useful recent sources on LED, including the most important legislation, policy documents, case studies and academic publications."
(pdf-file, 32KB, 11pp.)

Why is Local Economic Development so difficult, and what can we do to make it more effective? mesopartner working paper 04/2003
Jörg Meyer-Stamer / mesopartner / 2003
"LED is increasingly being propagated by donor agencies and governments in developing countries. Yet there is only scant evidence that LED has ever been successful anywhere. There are two sets of reasons for the poor performance of LED: inherent reasons and issues related to globalisation. Inherent reasons are (a) a strategy- and planning- instead of action-driven approach to LED, (b) a confusion between community development and LED, (c) an unclear theoretical and conceptual background for LED, and (d) a profound confusion about good practice in terms of governance of LED. Globalisation creates (a) the life-cycle paradox, (b) the irony of upgrading in global value chains, and (c) the location and globalisation paradox. LED actors can respond by choosing the appropriate approach to LED. Apart from strategic initiatives there are also the options of a generic locational policy and a reflexive locational policy."
(pdf-file, 157KB, 45pp.)

The Struggle to develop regional industry policy: the role of the plastics and auto sectors in the Regional Chamber of ABC, São Paulo
Leite, M. / Institute for Development Studies / IDS Working Paper 154 / 2002
Much of the current policy debate on fostering the industrial upgrading focuses on the importance of local or regional policy networks. The question, which has been neglected in this debate, is whether conducting local or regional industrial policy is possible where local enterprises are part of a global production system. The ABC region of São Paulo provides a good opportunity for testing this proposition. Its two key sectors, auto and plastics, differ substantially in their involvement in the Regional Chamber, the most important public-private upgrading initiative launched in recent years. The paper shows how and why the very active participation of firms in the plastics chain contrasts with the passive attitude of firms in the auto chain.
(pdf-file, 310 kb, 44pp.)

Évaluation et prospective des économies locales - Élaboration des comptes locaux
Sandrine Mesplé-Somps, Adalbert Nshimyumuremyi, Adalbert / Club du Sahel / Manuel ECOLOC, tome 1 / 2001
"Le document a présenté la méthode d'élaboration d'une première maquettemodélisée d'une économie locale à partir de la spatialisation de la maquette modélisée nationale. Le travail d'élaboration des comptes économiques locaux a pour objectif de reconstruire cette image à partir des données de terrain. Cette note est conçue comme un guide méthodologique pour l'élaboration des comptes économiques locaux. La construction des comptes économiques locaux se base sur un système comptable bien défini et supposé connu des lecteurs - le Système de Comptabilité Nationale des Nations-Unies (S.C.N)." Version provisoire
(pdf-file, 263 KB, 45pp.)

The Third System - Employment and Local Development. Vol. 1 - Synthesis Report
Michael Campbell / Leeds University / 1999
This report on the Third System, provided through the results of the TSEP and experiences as well as a summary of the research and analysis projects within them, provides an assessment of the actual and potential contribution of the Third System to employment and local development and the actions that could be taken to enhance it.
(pdf-file, 193KB, 43pp.)

Local / Regional Economic Development Promotion
Anja Gomm / GTZ, Sector Project WIRAM / 2002
Anja Gomm, Officer in the sector project "WiRAM", presented the new concept and product "Local/Regional Economic Development" (LRED). She explained the objectives, main ideas, crucial factors, and steps necessary for implementationof LRED. The idea behind LRED is to create an inter-linked local economy, to multiply impacts, to create an ownership with local development, and to build up local competencies and comparative advantages. LRED is meant to be locally driven and focused on networking as a means to create and sustain economic competitiveness of the local economic structure . The concept is clearly different from earlier, broader Regional Rural Development approaches. However, a strong interrelationship exists between LRED and new approaches both in Rural Employment (in the field of Rural Development) and Urban Economic Development (in the field of Urban Development).
(powerpoint, 234 KB, 23 slides)

Exemplarische Darstellung von Ansätzen der lokalen Wirtschaftsförderung in Lateinamerika
GTZ, 2001
"Das vorliegende Papier will mittels der Darstellung der theoretischen Ursprünge von lokaler Wirtschaftsförderung sowie der ersten Umsetzungserfahrungen anderer Förderinstitutionen einen Beitrag zur weiteren Konzeptentwicklung leisten. Es konzentriert sich zum einen auf die Erstellung eines Überblicks über die Literatur zum Thema und zum anderen auf die Vorstellung einschlägiger Förderansätze anderer Institutionen der EZ. Die Schlussfolgerungen zum Konzept der lokalen Wirtschaftsförderung und zu Interventionsstrategien der TZ stellen erste Schritte zur systematischen Weiterentwicklung und keineswegs die Produkte eines abgeschlossenen Prozesses dar." 
(pdf-file, 489 KB, 80 pp)

Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA) - Projeto Marketing Municipal (PMM)
Jörg Meyer-Stamer / INEF / 2000
"PACA is a methodology to support local economic development initiatives. We started to develop PMM in 1998 so that Fundação Empreender, a private-sector organization in Santa Catarina/Brazil could respond to some local chambers' request for advice on how to better "sell" their locale to potential investors. It soon became obvious that attracting firms is just part of an effort to strengthen the local economy through locally formulated initiatives...The key issues of PMM are ownership, credibility, and motivation. These factors depend on the involvement of local actors from the beginning and on the formulation of a limited set of realistic proposals which can be implemented immediately and give quick results; there must be concrete, measurable results after no more than three months, and preferably before that. The concept is based on the principles of Participatory Learning & Action. We have developed the concept as an alternative to long-term, expensive activities of the "strategic planning" variety or approaches which leave most of the work to external consultancy firms." (Version 2.1.)
(pdf-file, 49 KB, 4 S.)

Lokale Wirtschaftsförderung - Grundverständnis und methodisches Vorgehen
Jürgen Klenk / GTZ, PROMYPE / 2001
Powerpoint-Präsentation, welche die Komplexität des Querschnittsthemas "Lokale Wirtschaftsförderung" auch anhand von Praxisbeispielen darstellt.
(ppt-file, 1,4MB)

Sustainable Tourism as A Development Option - Practical Guide for Local Planners, Developers and Decision Makers
Birgit Steck / GTZ/BMZ / 2001
This practical guide represents the first step towards acquiring the know-how necessary for sustainable tourism development. The focus here will be exclusively on forms of development that guarantee both the preservation of natural resources and economic value creation for local communities. The guide addresses first and foremost local and regional administrations, protected area managers, decision makers in tourism and nature, conservation ministries as well as the associations of the private sector and NGOs at the local, national and international level.
(pdf-file, 607 KB, 64pp)

Eco-Industrial Parks
Anja-Katrin Fleig / GTZ / 2000
Eco-Industrial Parks represent a strategy to promote sustainable industrial development and implement industrial ecology concepts. They also provide a new model for local economic development. This paper considers how Eco-Industrial Parks relate to the generic concept of Industrial Ecology and examines their viability. In particular, this paper looks at the future role of Eco-Industrial Parks in developing and newly industrialised countries.
(pdf-file, 400 KB, 48pp)

Land Use Planning
GTZ / 1999
These guidelines are a further step in developing an approach to land use planning (LUP) within the framework of development co-operation. It brings together important ideas and experiences which should be adapted and applied to the specific working conditions in a project. The application for these guidelines is exclusively targeted at rural regions.
(pdf-file, 2,56 MB, 212pp)

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